Agreement And Declaration Of Trust: Definition & Sample

An agreement and declaration of trust is a legal contract that is used to form a new trust or to affirm the terms of an existing one. This document is a legally-recognized one that includes pertinent information about said trust, including trustees, beneficiaries, and the terms of the referenced trust agreement.

This agreement allocates specific duties to each party of the contract. The established trustee becomes responsible for administering assets (cash, securities, real estate, etc) on behalf of the beneficiary. The beneficiary, whom the assets belong to, is responsible for maintaining a working relationship with the trustee.

Common Sections in Agreement And Declaration Of Trusts

Below is a list of common sections included in Agreement And Declaration Of Trusts. These sections are linked to the below sample agreement for you to explore.

Agreement And Declaration Of Trust Sample

ALTERNATIVE INVESTMENT PARTNERS ABSOLUTE RETURN FUND STS

AGREEMENT AND DECLARATION OF TRUST

Dated as of October 27, 2005

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Number and Qualification

Term and Election

Resignation and Removal

Trustee Action by Written Consent

POWERS AND DUTIES OF TRUSTEES

Issuance and Repurchase of Shares

Borrow Money or Utilize Leverage

Collection and Payment

ADVISORY, MANAGEMENT AND DISTRIBUTION ARRANGEMENTS

Advisory and Management Arrangements

Parties to Contract

LIMITATIONS OF LIABILITY AND INDEMNIFICATION

No Personal Liability of Shareholders, Trustees, etc.

No Bond Required of Trustees

No Duty of Investigation; No Notice in Trust Instruments, etc.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Reliance on Experts, etc.

SHARES OF BENEFICIAL INTEREST

Rights of Shareholders

Issuance of Shares

Register of Shares

Transfer Agent and Registrar

Transfer of Shares

Contributions to Capital

Rights of Shareholders to Capital

Allocation of Net Profit and Loss

Allocation of Certain Withholding Taxes and Other Expenditures

Allocation to Avoid Capital Account Deficits

Allocations Prior to Closing Date

Appointment and Duties

Central Certificate System

TRANSFERS AND REPURCHASES; STATUS OF SPECIAL SHAREHOLDER

Transfer of Shares

Repurchase of Shares

Status of Special Shareholder

DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE NET

Net Asset Value

Power to Modify Foregoing Procedures

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Meetings of Shareholders

Notice of Meeting and Record Date

Quorum and Required Vote

Inspection of Records

Shareholder Action by Written Consent

DURATION; TERMINATION OF TRUST; AMENDMENT; MERGERS, ETC.

Merger, Consolidation and Sale of Assets

Reliance by Third Parties

Provisions in Conflict with Law or Regulation

ALTERNATIVE INVESTMENT PARTNERS ABSOLUTE RETURN FUND STS

AGREEMENT AND DECLARATION OF TRUST

AGREEMENT AND DECLARATION OF TRUST made as of the ____day of October, 2005, by the Trustees hereunder, and by the holders of shares of beneficial interest issued hereunder as hereinafter provided.

WHEREAS, this Trust has been formed to carry on business as set forth more particularly hereinafter;

WHEREAS, this Trust is authorized to issue an unlimited number of its shares of beneficial interest all in accordance with the provisions hereinafter set forth;

WHEREAS, the Trustees have agreed to manage all property coming into their hands as Trustees of a Delaware statutory trust in accordance with the provisions hereinafter set forth; and

WHEREAS, the parties hereto intend that the Trust created by this declaration and the Certificate of Trust dated October , 2005 and filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware shall constitute a statutory trust under the Delaware Statutory Trust Act and that this Declaration shall constitute the governing instrument of such statutory trust.

NOW, THEREFORE, the Trustees hereby declare that they will hold all cash, securities, and other assets which they may from time to time acquire in any manner as Trustees hereunder IN TRUST to manage and dispose of the same upon the following terms and conditions for the benefit of the holders from time to time of shares of beneficial interest in this Trust as hereinafter set forth.

1.1. Name . This Trust shall be known as the “Alternative Investment Partners Absolute Return Fund STS” and the Trustees shall conduct the business of the Trust under that name or any other name or names as they may from time to time determine.

1.2. Definitions . As used in this Declaration, the following terms shall have the following meanings:

The “ 1940 Act ” refers to the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder and exemptions granted therefrom, as amended from time to time.

The terms “ Affiliated Person ,” “ Assignment ,” “ Commission ,” “ Interested Person ” and “ Principal Underwriter ” shall have the meanings given them in the 1940 Act.

“ By-Laws ” shall mean the By-Laws of the Trust as amended from time to time by the Trustees.

“ Capital Account ” means, with respect to each Shareholder, the capital account established and maintained on behalf of the Shareholder in accordance with Section 7.3 of this Declaration.

“ Capital Contribution ” means the contribution, if any, made, or to be made, as the context requires, to the capital of the Trust by a Shareholder or former Shareholder, as the case may be.

“ Closing Date ” means the initial closing date on which the Trust accepts Capital Contributions from one or more Shareholders (other than the Special Shareholder) and issues Shares in consideration therefor.

“ Code ” shall mean the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the regulations promulgated thereunder.

“ Commission ” shall mean the Securities and Exchange Commission.

“ Declaration ” shall mean this Agreement and Declaration of Trust, as amended, supplemented or amended and restated from time to time.

“ Delaware Statutory Trust Statute ” shall mean the provisions of the Delaware Statutory Trust Act, 12 Del . C . § 3801, et . seq ., as such Act may be amended from time to time.

“ Delaware General Corporation Law ” means the Delaware General Corporation Law, 8 Del . C . § 100, et . seq ., as amended from time to time.

“ Fiscal Period ” means the period commencing on the Closing Date, and thereafter each period commencing on the day immediately following the last day of the preceding Fiscal Period and ending at the close of business on the first to occur of the following dates:

“ Fiscal Year ” means the period commencing on the Closing Date and ending on December 31, 2006, and thereafter each period commencing on January 1 of each year and ending on

December 31 of that year (or on the date of a final distribution made in accordance with Section 12.2 of this Declaration), unless the Trustees designate another fiscal year for the Trust. The taxable year of the Trust will end on December 31 of each year, or on any other date designated by the Special Shareholder that is a permitted taxable year-end for tax purposes, and need not be the same as the Fiscal Year.

“ Fundamental Policies ” shall mean the investment policies and restrictions as set forth from time to time in any Registration Statement of the Trust filed with the Commission and designated as fundamental policies therein, as they may be amended from time to time in accordance with the requirements of the 1940 Act.

“ Investment Percentage ” means a percentage established for each Shareholder on the Trust’s books as of the first day of each Fiscal Period. The Investment Percentage of a Shareholder for a Fiscal Period will be determined by dividing the balance of the Shareholder’s Capital Account as of the commencement of the Fiscal Period by the sum of the Capital Accounts of all of the Shareholders as of the commencement of the Fiscal Period. The sum of the Investment Percentages of all Shareholders for each Fiscal Period will equal 100%.

“ Majority Shareholder Vote ” shall mean a vote of “a majority of the outstanding voting securities” (as such term is defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust with Shares voting together as a single class.

“ Net Assets ” means the total value of all assets of the Trust, less an amount equal to all accrued debts, liabilities and obligations of the Trust, calculated before giving effect to any repurchases of Shares.

“ Net Profit ” or “ Net Loss ” means the amount by which the Net Assets as of the close of business on the last day of a Fiscal Period exceed (in the case of Net Profit) or are less than (in the case of Net Loss) the Net Assets as of the commencement of the same Fiscal Period (or, with respect to the initial Fiscal Period of the Trust, at the close of business on the Closing Date), the amount of any Net Profit or Net Loss to be adjusted to exclude any items to be allocated among the Capital Accounts of the Shareholders on a basis that is not in accordance with the Investment Percentages of all Shareholders as of the commencement of the Fiscal Period in accordance with Section 7.6 of this Declaration.

“ Person ” shall mean and include individuals, corporations, partnerships, trusts, limited liability companies, associations, joint ventures and other entities, whether or not legal entities, and governments and agencies and political subdivisions thereof.

“ Prospectus ” shall mean the Prospectus of the Trust, if any, as in effect from time to time under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

“ Shareholders ” shall mean as of any particular time the holders of record of outstanding Shares of the Trust, at such time.

“ Shares ” shall mean the transferable units of beneficial interest into which the beneficial interest in the Trust shall be divided from time to time and includes fractions of Shares as well as whole Shares.

“ Special Shareholder ” shall mean Morgan Stanley Alternative Investment Partners LP or any other entity it, from time to time, designates as Special Shareholder.

“ Transfer ” means the assignment, transfer, sale or other disposition of any Shares, including any right to receive any allocations and distributions attributable to Shares. Verbs, adverbs or adjectives such as “Transfer,” “Transferred” and “Transferring” have correlative meanings.

“ Trust ” shall mean the trust established by this Declaration, as amended from time to time, inclusive of each such amendment.

“ Trust Property ” shall mean as of any particular time any and all property, real or personal, tangible or intangible, which at such time is owned or held by or for the account of the Trust or the Trustees in such capacity.

“ Trustees ” shall mean the signatories to this Declaration, so long as they shall continue in office in accordance with the terms hereof, and all other persons who at the time in question have been duly elected or appointed and have qualified as trustees in accordance with the provisions hereof and are then in office.

2.1. Number and Qualification . Prior to a public offering of Shares there may be a sole Trustee. Thereafter, the number of Trustees shall be determined by a written instrument signed by a majority of the Trustees then office, provided that the number of Trustees shall be no less than two or more than thirteen. No reduction in the number of Trustees shall have the effect of removing any Trustee from office prior to the expiration of his term. An individual nominated as a Trustee shall be at least 21 years of age and not older than 72 years of age at the time of nomination and not under legal disability. Trustees need not own Shares and may succeed themselves in office.

2.2. Term and Election . The term of office of a Trustee shall continue until death, resignation, removal, bankruptcy, adjudicated incompetence or other incapacity to perform the duties of the office, or removal, of a Trustee. Subject to the provisions of the 1940 Act, the Trustees at any time may elect Trustees to fill vacancies in the number of Trustees. Each Trustee elected shall hold office until his or her successor shall have been elected and shall have qualified.

2.3. Resignation and Removal . Any of the Trustees may resign their trust (without need for prior or subsequent accounting) by an instrument in writing signed by such Trustee and delivered or mailed to the Trustees or the Chairman, if any, the President or the Secretary and such resignation shall be effective upon such delivery, or at a later date according to the terms of the instrument. Any of the Trustees may be removed (provided the aggregate number of Trustees after such removal shall not be less than the minimum number required by Section 2.1 hereof) for cause only, and not without cause, and only by action taken by a majority of the remaining Trustees followed by the holders of at least seventy-five percent (75%) of the Shares then entitled to vote in an election of such Trustee. Upon the resignation or removal of a Trustee, each such resigning or removed Trustee shall execute and deliver such documents as the remaining Trustees shall require for the purpose of conveying to the Trust or the remaining Trustees any Trust Property held in the name of such resigning or removed Trustee. Upon the incapacity or death of any Trustee, such Trustee’s legal representative shall execute and deliver on such Trustee’s behalf such documents as the remaining Trustees shall require as provided in the preceding sentence.

2.4. Vacancies . Whenever a vacancy in the Board of Trustees shall occur, the remaining Trustees may fill such vacancy by appointing an individual having the qualifications described in this Article by a written instrument signed by a majority of the Trustees then in office or may leave such

vacancy unfilled or may reduce the number of Trustees; provided the aggregate number of Trustees after such reduction shall not be less than the minimum number required by Section 2.1 hereof. Any vacancy created by an increase in Trustees may be filled by the appointment of an individual having the qualifications described in this Article made by a written instrument signed by a majority of the Trustees then in office. No vacancy shall operate to annul this Declaration or to revoke any existing agency created pursuant to the terms of this Declaration. Whenever a vacancy in the number of Trustees shall occur, until such vacancy is filled as provided herein, the Trustees in office, regardless of their number, shall have all the powers granted to the Trustees and shall discharge all the duties imposed upon the Trustees by this Declaration.

2.5. Meetings . Meetings of the Trustees shall be held from time to time upon the call of the Chairman, if any, or the President or any two Trustees. Regular meetings of the Trustees may be held without call or notice at a time and place fixed by the By-Laws or by resolution of the Trustees. Notice of any other meeting shall be given by the Secretary and shall be delivered to the Trustees orally not less than 24 hours, or in writing not less than 72 hours, before the meeting, but may be waived in writing by any Trustee either before or after such meeting. The attendance of a Trustee at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting except where a Trustee attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting to the transaction of any business on the ground that the meeting has not been properly called or convened. Any time there is more than one Trustee, a quorum for all meetings of the Trustees shall be one-third, but not less than two, of the Trustees. Unless provided otherwise in this Declaration and except as required under the 1940 Act, any action of the Trustees may be taken at a meeting by vote of a majority of the Trustees present (a quorum being present) or without a meeting by written consent of a majority of the Trustees.

Any committee of the Trustees, including an executive committee, if any, may act with or without a meeting. A quorum for all meetings of any such committee shall be one-third, but not less than two, of the members thereof. Unless provided otherwise in this Declaration, any action of any such committee may be taken at a meeting by vote of a majority of the members present (a quorum being present) or without a meeting by written consent of all of the members.

With respect to actions of the Trustees and any committee of the Trustees, Trustees who are Interested Persons in any action to be taken may be counted for quorum purposes under this Section and shall be entitled to vote to the extent not prohibited by the 1940 Act.

All or any one or more Trustees may participate in a meeting of the Trustees or any committee thereof by means of a conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other; participation in a meeting pursuant to any such communications system shall constitute presence in person at such meeting.

2.6. Trustee Action by Written Consent . Any action which may be taken by Trustees by vote may be taken without a meeting if that number of the Trustees, or members of a committee, as the case may be, required for approval of such action at a meeting of the Trustees or of such committee consent to the action in writing and the written consents are filed with the records of the meetings of Trustees. Such consent shall be treated for all purposes as a vote taken at a meeting of Trustees.

2.7. Officers . The Trustees shall elect a President, a Secretary and a Treasurer and may elect a Chairman who shall serve at the pleasure of the Trustees or until their successors are elected. The Trustees may elect or appoint or may authorize the Chairman, if any, or President to appoint such other officers or agents with such powers as the Trustees may deem to be advisable. A Chairman shall, and the President, Secretary and Treasurer may, but need not, be a Trustee.

POWERS AND DUTIES OF TRUSTEES

3.1. General . The Trustees shall owe to the Trust and its Shareholders the same fiduciary duties as owed by directors of corporations to such corporations and their stockholders under the Delaware General Corporation Law. The Trustees shall have exclusive and absolute control over the Trust Property and over the business of the Trust to the same extent as if the Trustees were the sole owners of the Trust Property and business in their own right, but with such powers of delegation as may be permitted by this Declaration. The Trustees may perform such acts as in their sole discretion are proper for conducting the business of the Trust. The enumeration of any specific power herein shall not be construed as limiting the aforesaid power. Such powers of the Trustees may be exercised without order of or resort to any court.

3.2. Investments . The Trustees shall have power, subject to the Fundamental Policies in effect from time to time with respect to the Trust to:

(a) manage, conduct, operate and carry on the business of an investment company; and

(b) subscribe for, invest in, reinvest in, purchase or otherwise acquire, hold, pledge, sell, assign, transfer, exchange, distribute or otherwise deal in or dispose of any and all sorts of property, tangible or intangible, including but not limited to securities of any type whatsoever, whether equity or non-equity, of any issuer, evidences of indebtedness of any person and any other rights, interests, instruments or property of any sort and to exercise any and all rights, powers and privileges of ownership or interest in respect of any and all such investments of every kind and description, including, without limitation, the right to consent and otherwise act with respect thereto, with power to designate one or more Persons to exercise any of said rights, powers and privileges in respect of any of said investments. The Trustees shall not be limited by any law limiting the investments which may be made by fiduciaries.

3.3. Legal Title . Legal title to all the Trust Property shall be vested in the Trust except that the Trustees shall have power to cause legal title to any Trust Property to be held by or in the name of one or more of the Trustees, or in the name of any other Person as nominee, custodian or pledgee, on such terms as the Trustees may determine, provided that the interest of the Trust therein is appropriately protected.

The right, title and interest of the Trustees in the Trust Property shall vest automatically in each person who may hereafter become a Trustee upon his due election and qualification. Upon the ceasing of any person to be a Trustee for any reason, such person shall automatically cease to have any right, title or interest in any of the Trust Property, and the right, title and interest of such Trustee in the Trust Property shall vest automatically in the remaining Trustees. Such vesting and cessation of title shall be effective whether or not conveyancing documents have been executed and delivered.

3.4. Issuance and Repurchase of Shares . The Trustees shall have the power to issue, sell, repurchase, redeem, retire, cancel, acquire, hold, resell, reissue, dispose of, transfer, and otherwise deal in, Shares, including Shares in fractional denominations, and, subject to the more detailed provisions set forth in Articles VIII and IX, to apply to any such repurchase, redemption, retirement, cancellation or acquisition of Shares any funds or property whether capital or surplus or otherwise, to the full extent now or hereafter permitted corporations formed under the Delaware General Corporation Law.

3.5. Borrow Money or Utilize Leverage . Subject to the Fundamental Policies in effect from time to time with respect to the Trust, the Trustees shall have the power to borrow money or otherwise

obtain credit or utilize leverage to the maximum extent permitted by law or regulation as such may be needed from time to time and to secure the same by mortgaging, pledging or otherwise subjecting as security the assets of the Trust, including the lending of portfolio securities, and to endorse, guarantee, or undertake the performance of any obligation, contract or engagement of any other person, firm, association or corporation.

3.6. Delegation; Committees . The Trustees shall have the power, consistent with their continuing exclusive authority over the management of the Trust and the Trust Property, to delegate from time to time to such of their number or to officers, employees or agents of the Trust the doing of such things, including any matters set forth in this Declaration, and the execution of such instruments either in the name of the Trust or the names of the Trustees or otherwise as the Trustees may deem expedient. The Trustees may designate one or more committees which shall have all or such lesser portion of the authority of the entire Board of Trustees as the Trustees shall determine from time to time except to the extent action by the entire Board of Trustees or particular Trustees is required by the 1940 Act.

3.7. Collection and Payment . The Trustees shall have power to collect all property due to the Trust; to pay all claims, including taxes, against the Trust Property or the Trust, the Trustees or any officer, employee or agent of the Trust; to prosecute, defend, compromise or abandon any claims relating to the Trust Property or the Trust, or the Trustees or any officer, employee or agent of the Trust; to foreclose any security interest securing any obligations, by virtue of which any property is owed to the Trust; and to enter into releases, agreements and other instruments. Except to the extent required for a corporation formed under the Delaware General Corporation Law, the Shareholders shall have no power to vote as to whether or not a court action, legal proceeding or claim should or should not be brought or maintained derivatively or as a class action on behalf of the Trust or the Shareholders.

3.8. Expenses . The Trustees shall have power to incur and pay out of the assets or income of the Trust any expenses which in the opinion of the Trustees are necessary or incidental to carry out any of the purposes of this Declaration, and the business of the Trust, and to pay reasonable compensation from the funds of the Trust to themselves as Trustees. The Trustees shall fix the compensation of all officers, employees and Trustees. The Trustees may pay themselves such compensation for special services, including legal, underwriting, syndicating and brokerage services, as they in good faith may deem reasonable and reimbursement for expenses reasonably incurred by themselves on behalf of the Trust. The Trustees shall have the power, as frequently as they may determine, to cause each Shareholder to pay directly, in advance or arrears, for charges of distribution, of the custodian or transfer, Shareholder servicing or similar agent, a pro rata amount as defined from time to time by the Trustees, by setting off such charges due from such Shareholder from declared but unpaid dividends or distributions owed such Shareholder and/or by reducing the number of shares in the account of such Shareholder by that number of full and/or fractional Shares which represents the outstanding amount of such charges due from such Shareholder.

3.9. By-Laws . The Trustees shall have the exclusive authority to adopt and from time to time amend or repeal By-Laws for the conduct of the business of the Trust.

3.10. Miscellaneous Powers . The Trustees shall have the power to: (a) employ or contract with such Persons as the Trustees may deem desirable for the transaction of the business of the Trust; (b) enter into joint ventures, partnerships and any other combinations or associations; (c) purchase, and pay for out of Trust Property, insurance policies insuring the Shareholders, Trustees, officers, employees, agents, investment advisors, distributors, selected dealers or independent contractors of the Trust against all claims arising by reason of holding any such position or by reason of any action taken or omitted by any such Person in such capacity, whether or not constituting negligence, or whether or not the Trust would have the power to indemnify such Person against such liability; (d) establish pension, profit-

sharing, share purchase, and other retirement, incentive and benefit plans for any Trustees, officers, employees and agents of the Trust; (e) make donations, irrespective of benefit to the Trust, for charitable, religious, educational, scientific, civic or similar purposes; (f) to the extent permitted by law, indemnify any Person with whom the Trust has dealings, including without limitation any advisor, administrator, manager, transfer agent, custodian, distributor or selected dealer, or any other person as the Trustees may see fit to such extent as the Trustees shall determine; (g) guarantee indebtedness or contractual obligations of others; (h) determine and change the fiscal year of the Trust and the method in which its accounts shall be kept; and (i) adopt a seal for the Trust but the absence of such seal shall not impair the validity of any instrument executed on behalf of the Trust.

3.11. Further Powers . The Trustees shall have the power to conduct the business of the Trust and carry on its operations in any and all of its branches and maintain offices both within and without the State of Delaware, in any and all states of the United States of America, in the District of Columbia, and in any and all commonwealths, territories, dependencies, colonies, possessions, agencies or instrumentalities of the United States of America and of foreign governments, and to do all such other things and execute all such instruments as they deem necessary, proper or desirable in order to promote the interests of the Trust although such things are not herein specifically mentioned. Any determination as to what is in the interests of the Trust made by the Trustees in good faith shall be conclusive. In construing the provisions of this Declaration, the presumption shall be in favor of a grant of power to the Trustees. The Trustees will not be required to obtain any court order to deal with the Trust Property.

ADVISORY, MANAGEMENT AND DISTRIBUTION ARRANGEMENTS

4.1. Advisory and Management Arrangements . Subject to the requirements of applicable law as in effect from time to time, the Trustees may in their discretion from time to time enter into advisory, administration or management contracts (including, in each case, one or more sub-advisory, sub-administration or sub-management contracts) whereby the other party to any such contract shall undertake to furnish such advisory, administrative and management services with respect to the Trust as the Trustees shall from time to time consider desirable and all upon such terms and conditions as the Trustees may in their discretion determine. Notwithstanding any provisions of this Declaration, the Trustees may authorize any advisor, administrator or manager (subject to such general or specific instructions as the Trustees may from time to time adopt) to exercise any of the powers of the Trustees, including to effect investment transactions with respect to the assets on behalf of the Trust to the full extent of the power of the Trustees to effect such transactions or may authorize any officer, employee or Trustee to effect such transactions pursuant to recommendations of any such advisor, administrator or manager (and all without further action by the Trustees). Any such investment transaction shall be deemed to have been authorized by all of the Trustees.

4.2. Distribution Arrangements . Subject to compliance with the 1940 Act, the Trustees may retain underwriters and/or selling agents to sell Shares and other securities of the Trust. The Trustees may in their discretion from time to time enter into one or more contracts, providing for the sale of securities of the Trust, whereby the Trust may either agree to sell such securities to the other party to the contract or appoint such other party its sales agent for such securities. In either case, the contract shall be on such terms and conditions as the Trustees may in their discretion determine not inconsistent with the provisions of this Article IV or the By-Laws; and such contract may also provide for the repurchase or sale of securities of the Trust by such other party as principal or as agent of the Trust and may provide that such other party may enter into selected dealer agreements with registered securities dealers and brokers and servicing and similar agreements with persons who are not registered securities dealers to further the purposes of the distribution or repurchase of the securities of the Trust.

4.3. Parties to Contract . Any contract of the character described in Sections 4.1 and 4.2 of this Article IV or in Article VIII hereof may be entered into with any Person, although one or more of the Trustees, officers or employees of the Trust may be an officer, director, trustee, shareholder, or member of such other party to the contract, and no such contract shall be invalidated or rendered voidable by reason of the existence of any such relationship, nor shall any Person holding such relationship be liable merely by reason of such relationship for any loss or expense to the Trust under or by reason of said contract or accountable for any profit realized directly or indirectly therefrom, provided that the contract when entered into was reasonable and fair and not inconsistent with the provisions of this Article IV or the By-Laws. The same Person may be the other party to contracts entered into pursuant to Sections 4.1 and 4.2 above or Article VIII, and any individual may be financially interested or otherwise affiliated with Persons who are parties to any or all of the contracts mentioned in this Section 4.3.

LIMITATIONS OF LIABILITY AND INDEMNIFICATION

5.1. No Personal Liability of Shareholders, Trustees, etc. No Shareholder of the Trust shall be subject in such capacity to any personal liability whatsoever to any Person in connection with Trust Property or the acts, obligations or affairs of the Trust. Shareholders shall have the same limitation of personal liability as is extended to stockholders of a private corporation for profit incorporated under the Delaware General Corporation Law. No Trustee or officer of the Trust shall be subject in such capacity to any personal liability whatsoever to any Person, save only liability to the Trust or its Shareholders arising from bad faith, willful misfeasance, gross negligence or reckless disregard for his duty to such Person; and, subject to the foregoing exception, all such Persons shall look solely to the Trust Property for satisfaction of claims of any nature arising in connection with the affairs of the Trust. If any Shareholder, Trustee or officer, as such, of the Trust, is made a party to any suit or proceeding to enforce any such liability, subject to the foregoing exception, he shall not, on account thereof, be held to any personal liability. Any repeal or modification of this Section 5.1 shall not adversely affect any right or protection of a Trustee or officer of the Trust existing at the time of such repeal or modification with respect to acts or omissions occurring prior to such repeal or modification.

5.2. Mandatory Indemnification . (a) The Trust hereby agrees to indemnify each person who at any time serves as a Trustee or officer of the Trust (each such person being an “indemnitee”) against any liabilities and expenses, including amounts paid in satisfaction of judgments, in compromise or as fines and penalties, and reasonable counsel fees reasonably incurred by such indemnitee in connection with the defense or disposition of any action, suit or other proceeding, whether civil or criminal, before any court or administrative or investigative body in which he may be or may have been involved as a party or otherwise or with which he may be or may have been threatened, while acting in any capacity set forth in this Article V by reason of his having acted in any such capacity, except with respect to any matter as to which he shall not have acted in good faith in the reasonable belief that his action was in the best interest of the Trust or, in the case of any criminal proceeding, as to which he shall have had reasonable cause to believe that the conduct was unlawful, provided, however, that no indemnitee shall be indemnified hereunder against any liability to any person or any expense of such indemnitee arising by reason of (i) willful misfeasance, (ii) bad faith, (iii) gross negligence, or (iv) reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his position (the conduct referred to in such clauses (i) through (iv) being sometimes referred to herein as “disabling conduct”). Notwithstanding the foregoing, with respect to any action, suit or other proceeding voluntarily prosecuted by any indemnitee as plaintiff, indemnification shall be mandatory only if the prosecution of such action, suit or other proceeding by such indemnitee (1) was authorized by a majority of the Trustees or (2) was instituted by the indemnitee to enforce his or her rights to indemnification hereunder in a case in which the indemnitee is found to be entitled to such indemnification. The rights to indemnification set forth in this Declaration shall continue

as to a person who has ceased to be a Trustee or officer of the Trust and shall inure to the benefit of his or her heirs, executors and personal and legal representatives. No amendment or restatement of this Declaration or repeal of any of its provisions shall limit or eliminate any of the benefits provided to any person who at any time is or was a Trustee or officer of the Trust or otherwise entitled to indemnification hereunder in respect of any act or omission that occurred prior to such amendment, restatement or repeal.

(b) Notwithstanding the foregoing, no indemnification shall be made hereunder unless there has been a determination (i) by a final decision on the merits by a court or other body of competent jurisdiction before whom the issue of entitlement to indemnification hereunder was brought that such indemnitee is entitled to indemnification hereunder or, (ii) in the absence of such a decision, by (1) a majority vote of a quorum of those Trustees who are neither “interested persons” of the Trust (as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act) nor parties to the proceeding (“Disinterested Non-Party Trustees”), that the indemnitee is entitled to indemnification hereunder, or (2) if such quorum is not obtainable or even if obtainable, if such majority so directs, independent legal counsel in a written opinion concludes that the indemnitee should be entitled to indemnification hereunder. All determinations to make advance payments in connection with the expense of defending any proceeding shall be authorized and made in accordance with the immediately succeeding paragraph (c) below.

(c) The Trust shall make advance payments in connection with the expenses of defending any action with respect to which indemnification might be sought hereunder if the Trust receives a written affirmation by the indemnitee of the indemnitee’s good faith belief that the standards of conduct necessary for indemnification have been met and a written undertaking to reimburse the Trust unless it is subsequently determined that the indemnitee is entitled to such indemnification and if a majority of the Trustees determine that the applicable standards of conduct necessary for indemnification appear to have been met. In addition, at least one of the following conditions must be met: (i) the indemnitee shall provide adequate security for his undertaking, (ii) the Trust shall be insured against losses arising by reason of any lawful advances, or (iii) a majority of a quorum of the Disinterested Non-Party Trustees, or if a majority vote of such quorum so direct, independent legal counsel in a written opinion, shall conclude, based on a review of readily available facts (as opposed to a full trial-type inquiry), that there is substantial reason to believe that the indemnitee ultimately will be found entitled to indemnification.

(d) The rights accruing to any indemnitee under these provisions shall not exclude any other right which any person may have or hereafter acquire under this Declaration, the By-Laws of the Trust, any statute, agreement, vote of Shareholders or Trustees who are not “interested persons” (as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act) or any other right to which he or she may be lawfully entitled.

(e) Subject to any limitations provided by the 1940 Act and this Declaration, the Trust shall have the power and authority to indemnify and provide for the advance payment of expenses to employees, agents and other Persons providing services to the Trust or serving in any capacity at the request of the Trust to the full extent corporations organized under the Delaware General Corporation Law may indemnify or provide for the advance payment of expenses for such Persons, provided that such indemnification has been approved by a majority of the Trustees.

5.3. No Bond Required of Trustees . No Trustee shall, as such, be obligated to give any bond or other security for the performance of any of his duties hereunder.

5.4. No Duty of Investigation; No Notice in Trust Instruments, etc. No purchaser, lender, transfer agent or other person dealing with the Trustees or with any officer, employee or agent of the Trust shall be bound to make any inquiry concerning the validity of any transaction purporting to be made by the Trustees or by said officer, employee or agent or be liable for the application of money or property paid, loaned, or delivered to or on the order of the Trustees or of said officer, employee or agent. Every

obligation, contract, undertaking, instrument, certificate, Share, other security of the Trust, and every other act or thing whatsoever executed in connection with the Trust shall be conclusively taken to have been executed or done by the executors thereof only in their capacity as Trustees under this Declaration or in their capacity as officers, employees or agents of the Trust. The Trustees may maintain insurance for the protection of the Trust Property, the Shareholders, Trustees, officers, employees and agents in such amount as the Trustees shall deem adequate to cover possible tort liability, and such other insurance as the Trustees in their sole judgment shall deem advisable or is required by the 1940 Act.

5.5. Reliance on Experts, etc. Each Trustee and officer or employee of the Trust shall, in the performance of its duties, be fully and completely justified and protected with regard to any act or any failure to act resulting from reliance in good faith upon the books of account or other records of the Trust, upon an opinion of counsel, or upon reports made to the Trust by any of the Trust’s officers or employees or by any advisor, administrator, manager, distributor, selected dealer, accountant, appraiser or other expert or consultant selected with reasonable care by the Trustees, officers or employees of the Trust, regardless of whether such counsel or expert may also be a Trustee.

SHARES OF BENEFICIAL INTEREST

6.1. Beneficial Interest . The interest of the beneficiaries shall be divided into an unlimited number of transferable shares of beneficial par value $.001 per share. All Shares issued in accordance with the terms hereof, including, without limitation, Shares issued in connection with a dividend or distribution in Shares or a split of Shares, shall be fully paid and, except as provided in the last sentence of Section 3.8, nonassessable when the consideration determined by the Trustees (if any) therefor shall have been received by the Trust.

6.2. Other Securities . The Trustees may, subject to the Fundamental Policies and the requirements of the 1940 Act, authorize and issue such other securities of the Trust as they determine to be necessary, desirable or appropriate, having such terms, rights, preferences, privileges, limitations and restrictions as the Trustees see fit, including preferred interests, debt securities or other senior securities. The Trustees are also authorized to take such actions and retain such persons as they see fit to offer and sell such securities.

6.3. Rights of Shareholders . The Shares shall be personal property giving only the rights in this Declaration specifically set forth. The ownership of the Trust Property of every description and the right to conduct any business hereinbefore described are vested exclusively in the Trustees on behalf of the Trust, and the Shareholders shall have no interest therein other than the beneficial interest conferred by their Shares, and they shall have no right to call for any partition or division of any property, profits, rights or interests of the Trust nor can they be called upon to share or assume any losses of the Trust or, subject to the right of the Trustees to charge certain expenses directly to Shareholders, as provided in the last sentence of Section 3.8, suffer an assessment of any kind by virtue of their ownership of Shares. The Shares shall not entitle the holder to preference, preemptive, appraisal, conversion or exchange rights.

6.4. Trust Only . It is the intention of the Trustees to create only the relationship of Trustee and beneficiary between the Trustees and each Shareholder from time to time. It is not the intention of the Trustees to create a general partnership, limited partnership, joint stock association, corporation, bailment or any form of legal relationship other than a trust. Nothing in this Declaration shall be construed to make the Shareholders, either by themselves or with the Trustees, partners or members of a joint stock association.

6.5. Issuance of Shares . The Trustees, in their discretion, may from time to time without vote of the Shareholders issue Shares in addition to the then issued and outstanding Shares and Shares held in the treasury, to such party or parties and for such amount and type of consideration, including cash or property, at such time or times, and on such terms as the Trustees may determine, and may in such manner acquire other assets (including the acquisition of assets subject to, and in connection with the assumption of, liabilities) and businesses. The Trustees may from time to time divide or combine the Shares into a greater or lesser number without thereby changing the proportionate beneficial interest in such Shares. Issuances and redemptions of Shares may be made in whole Shares and/or 1/1,000ths of a Share or multiples thereof as the Trustees may determine.

6.6. Register of Shares . A register shall be kept at the offices of the Trust or any transfer agent duly appointed by the Trustees under the direction of the Trustees which shall contain the names and addresses of the Shareholders and the number of Shares held by them respectively and a record of all transfers thereof. Each such register shall be conclusive as to who are the holders of the Shares and who shall be entitled to receive dividends or distributions or otherwise to exercise or enjoy the rights of Shareholders. No Shareholder shall be entitled to receive payment of any dividend or distribution, nor to have notice given to him as herein provided, until he has given his address to a transfer agent or such other officer or agent of the Trustees as shall keep the register for entry thereon. It is not contemplated that certificates will be issued for the Shares; however, the Trustees, in their discretion, may authorize the issuance of share certificates and promulgate appropriate fees therefore and rules and regulations as to their use.

6.7. Transfer Agent and Registrar . The Trustees shall have power to employ a transfer agent or transfer agents, and a registrar or registrars, with respect to the Shares. The transfer agent or transfer agents may keep the applicable register and record therein, the original issues and transfers, if any, of the said Shares. Any such transfer agents and/or registrars shall perform the duties usually performed by transfer agents and registrars of certificates of stock in a corporation, as modified by the Trustees.

6.8. Transfer of Shares . Shares shall be transferable on the records of the Trust only by the record holder thereof or by its agent thereto duly authorized in writing, upon delivery to the Trustees or a transfer agent of the Trust of a duly executed instrument of transfer, together with such evidence of the genuineness of each such execution and authorization and of other matters (including compliance with any securities laws and contractual restrictions) as may reasonably be required. Upon such delivery the transfer shall be recorded on the applicable register of the Trust. Until such record is made, the Shareholder of record shall be deemed to be the holder of such Shares for all purposes hereof and neither the Trustees nor any transfer agent or registrar nor any officer, employee or agent of the Trust shall be affected by any notice of the proposed transfer.

Any person becoming entitled to any Shares in consequence of the death, bankruptcy, or incompetence of any Shareholder, or otherwise by operation of law, shall be recorded on the applicable register of Shares as the holder of such Shares upon production of the proper evidence thereof to the Trustees or a transfer agent of the Trust, but until such record is made, the Shareholder of record shall be deemed to be the holder of such for all purposes hereof, and neither the Trustees nor any transfer agent or registrar nor any officer or agent of the Trust shall be affected by any notice of such death, bankruptcy or incompetence, or other operation of law.

6.9. Notices . Any and all notices to which any Shareholder hereunder may be entitled and any and all communications shall be deemed duly served or given if mailed, postage prepaid, addressed to any Shareholder of record at his last known address as recorded on the applicable register of the Trust.

7.1. Contributions to Capital

(a) The minimum initial Capital Contribution of each Shareholder will be $100,000 or such other amount as the Trust determines from time to time. The amount of the initial Capital Contribution of each Shareholder will be recorded by the Trust upon acceptance as a contribution to the capital of the Trust. Each Shareholder’s entire initial Capital Contribution will be paid to the Trust immediately prior to the Trust’s acceptance of the Shareholder’s subscription for Shares, unless otherwise agreed by the Trust and such Shareholder.

(b) The Shareholders may make additional Capital Contributions effective as of those times and in amounts as the Trustees may permit, but no Shareholder will be obligated to make any additional Capital Contribution except to the extent provided in Sections 7.5 and 7.6 of this Declaration. Each additional Capital Contribution made by a Shareholder (other than a contribution made pursuant to Section 7.5 or Section 7.6 of this Declaration) will be in the minimum amount of $50,000 or such other amount as the Trustees may determine from time to time.

(c) The Special Shareholder shall make such contributions to the capital of the Trust from time to time in an amount sufficient for the Trust to be treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The Special Shareholder hereby is designated as the “tax matters partner” under the Code for the Trust.

(d) Subject to the provisions of the 1940 Act, and except as otherwise permitted by the Trustees, (1) initial and any additional Capital Contributions by any Shareholder will be payable in cash or in Securities that the Trustees, in their absolute discretion, cause the Trust to accept, and (2) initial and any additional Capital Contributions in cash will be payable in readily available funds at the date of the proposed acceptance of the contribution. The Trust will charge each Shareholder making a Capital Contribution in Securities to the capital of the Trust an amount as may be determined by the Trust to reimburse the Trust for any costs incurred by the Trust by reason of accepting the Securities, and any charge will be due and payable by the contributing Shareholder in full at the time the Capital Contribution to which the charges relate is due. The value of contributed Securities will be determined in accordance with Section 10.1 of this Declaration as of the date of contribution.

(e) The minimum initial and additional contributions set out in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this Section 7.1 may be increased or reduced by the Trustees from time to time. Reductions may be applied to all investors, individual investors or to classes of investors, in each case in the sole discretion of the Trustees.

7.2. Rights of Shareholders to Capital

No Shareholder will be entitled to interest on the Shareholder’s Capital Contribution, nor will any Shareholder be entitled to the return of any capital of the Trust except (a) upon the repurchase by the Trust of all or a portion of the Shareholder’s Shares in accordance with Section 9.2 of this Declaration, (b) in accordance with the provisions of Section 7.6(b) of this Declaration or (c) upon the dissolution of the Trust in accordance with Section 12.2 of this Declaration. Except with respect to distributions or similar disbursements made in error, no Shareholder will be liable for the return of any such amounts. To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, no Shareholder will have the right to require partition of the Trust’s property or to compel any sale or appraisal of the Trust’s assets.

7.3. Capital Accounts

(a) The Trust will maintain a separate Capital Account for each Shareholder.

(b) Each Shareholder’s Capital Account will have an initial balance equal to the amount of cash and the value of any Securities (determined in accordance with Section 10.1 of this Declaration) constituting the Shareholder’s initial Capital Contribution.

(c) Each Shareholder’s Capital Account will be increased by the sum of (1) the amount of cash and the value of any Securities (determined in accordance with Section 10.1 of this Declaration) constituting additional Capital Contributions by the Shareholder permitted under Section 7.1 of this Declaration, plus (2) any amount credited to the Shareholder’s Capital Account under Sections 7.4 through 7.6 of this Declaration.

(d) Each Shareholder’s Capital Account will be reduced by the sum of (1) the amount of any repurchase of any Shares of the Shareholder or distributions to the Shareholder under Section 7.5, 7.10 or 12.2 of this Declaration that are not reinvested, plus (2) any amounts debited against the Shareholder’s Capital Account under Sections 7.4 through 7.6 of this Declaration.

(e) In the event any Shares of a Shareholder are Transferred in accordance with the terms of this Declaration, the transferee will succeed to the Capital Account of the transferor to the extent of the Transferred Shares.

(f) Subject to Section 7.6(b) of this Declaration, no Shareholder will be required to pay to the Trust or any other Shareholder any deficit in such Shareholder’s Capital Account upon dissolution of the Trust or otherwise.

7.4. Allocation of Net Profit and Loss

Subject to Section 7.7 of this Declaration, as of the last day of each Fiscal Period, any Net Profit or Net Loss for the Fiscal Period will be allocated among and credited to or debited against the Capital Accounts of the Shareholders in accordance with their respective Investment Percentages for the Fiscal Period.

7.5. Allocation of Certain Withholding Taxes and Other Expenditures

(a) If the Trust incurs a withholding tax or other tax obligation with respect to the share of Trust income allocable to any Shareholder, then the Trust will cause the amount of the obligation to be debited against the Capital Account of the Shareholder when the Trust pays the obligation, and any amounts then or in the future distributable to the Shareholder will be reduced by the amount of the taxes. If the amount of the taxes is greater than any distributable amounts, then the Shareholder and any successor to any of the Shareholder’s Shares will pay to the Trust as a Capital Contribution, upon demand by the Trust, the amount of the excess attributable to such Shares. The Trust will not be obligated to apply for or obtain a reduction of or exemption from withholding tax on behalf of any Shareholder that may be eligible for the reduction or exemption, except that, in the event that the Trust determines that a Shareholder is eligible for a refund of any withholding tax, the Trust may, at the request and expense of the Shareholder, assist the Shareholder in applying for such refund.

(b) Except as otherwise provided for in this Declaration and unless prohibited by the 1940 Act, any expenditures payable by the Trust, to the extent determined by the Trust to have been paid or withheld on behalf of, or by reason of particular circumstances applicable to, one or more but fewer than

all of the Shareholders, will be charged to only those Shareholders on whose behalf the payments are made or whose particular circumstances gave rise to such payments. The charges will be debited from the Capital Accounts of the Shareholders as of the close of the Fiscal Period during which the items were paid or accrued by the Trust.

(a) The Trustees may cause appropriate reserves to be created, accrued and charged by the Trust against Net Assets and proportionately against the Capital Accounts of the Shareholders for contingent liabilities, if any, as of the date any contingent liability becomes known to the Trust, the reserves to be in the amounts that the Trustees in their sole discretion deem necessary or appropriate. The Trustees may increase or reduce any reserves from time to time by amounts as they in their sole discretion deem necessary or appropriate. The amount of any reserve, or any increase or decrease in a reserve, will be proportionately charged or credited to the Capital Accounts of those Persons who or that are Shareholders at the time the reserve is created, or increased or decreased, except that if any individual reserve item, adjusted by any increase in the item, exceeds the lesser of $500,000 or 1% of the aggregate value of the Capital Accounts of all of those Shareholders, then the amount of the reserve, increase or decrease may instead, at the discretion of the Trustees, be charged or credited to those Persons who or that were Shareholders at the time, as determined by the Trustees in their sole discretion, of the act or omission giving rise to the contingent liability for which the reserve was established, increased or decreased in proportion to their Capital Accounts.

(b) If any amount is required by Section 7.6(a) of this Declaration to be charged or credited to a Person who or that is no longer a Shareholder, the amount will be paid by or to the party, in cash, with interest from the date on which the Trustees determine that the charge or credit is required. In the case of a charge, the former Shareholder will be obligated to pay as a Capital Contribution the amount of the charge, plus interest as provided in this Section 7.6(b), to the Trust on demand, except that (1) in no event will a former Shareholder be obligated to make a payment exceeding the amount of the Shareholder’s Capital Account at the time to which the charge relates and (2) no demand will be made after the expiration of three years from the date on which the Person ceased to be a Shareholder. To the extent that a former Shareholder fails to pay to the Trust, in full, any amount required to be charged to the former Shareholder under Section 7.6(a) of this Declaration, the deficiency will be charged proportionately to the Capital Accounts of the Shareholders at the time of the act or omission giving rise to the charge to the extent feasible, and otherwise proportionately to the Capital Accounts of the current Shareholders.

7.7. Allocation to Avoid Capital Account Deficits

To the extent that any debits under Sections 7.4 through 7.6 of this Declaration would reduce the balance of the Capital Account of any Shareholder below zero, that portion of any such debits will be allocated instead to the Capital Account of the Special Shareholder. Any credits in any subsequent Fiscal Period that otherwise would be allocable under Sections 7.4 through 7.6 of this Declaration to the Capital Account of any Shareholder previously affected by the application of this Section 7.7 will instead be allocated to the Capital Account of the Special Shareholder in amounts necessary to offset all previous debits attributable to the Shareholder, made in accordance with this Section 7.7, that have not been recovered.

7.8. Allocations Prior to Closing Date

Any net cash profits or any net cash losses realized by the Trust from the purchase or sale of Securities during the period ending on the day prior to the Closing Date will be allocated to the Capital

Account of the Special Shareholder. No unrealized item of profit or loss will be allocated under this Section 7.8 to the Capital Account of any Shareholder.

7.9. Tax Allocations

For each taxable year of the Trust, items of income, deduction, gain, loss or credit will be allocated for income tax purposes among the Shareholders in a manner so as to reflect equitably amounts credited or debited to each Shareholder’s Capital Account for the current and prior taxable years (or relevant portions of those years). Allocations under this Section 7.9 will be made in accordance with the principles of Sections 704(b) and 704(c) of the Code, and in conformity with Treasury Regulations promulgated under these Sections, or the successor provisions to such Sections and Regulations. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Declaration, the Trust will allocate to the Shareholders those gains or income necessary to satisfy the “qualified income offset” requirement of Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d). If the Trust realizes net capital gains for U.S. Federal income tax purposes for any taxable year during or as of the end of which one or more Positive Basis Shareholders (as defined in this Section 7.9) withdraw from the Trust under Article IX of this Declaration, the Trust may elect to allocate net gains as follows: (a) to allocate net gains among Positive Basis Shareholders, in proportion to the Positive Basis (as defined in this Section 7.9) of each Positive Basis Shareholder, until either the full amount of the net gains has been so allocated or the Positive Basis of each Positive Basis Shareholder has been eliminated, and (b) to allocate any net gains not so allocated to Positive Basis Shareholders to the other Shareholders in a manner that reflects equitably the amounts credited to the Shareholders’ Capital Accounts. If the Trust realizes capital losses for U.S. federal income tax purposes for any fiscal year during or as of the end of which one or more Negative Basis Shareholders (as defined in this Section 7.9) withdraw from the Trust under Article IV or VI of this Declaration, the Trust may elect to allocate net losses as follows: (i) to allocate net losses among Negative Basis Shareholders, in proportion to the Negative Basis (as defined in this Section 7.9) of each Negative Basis Shareholder, until either the full amount of net losses will have been so allocated or the Negative Basis of each Negative Basis Shareholder has been eliminated, and (ii) to allocate any net losses not so allocated to Negative Basis Shareholders, to the other Shareholders in a manner that reflects equitably the amounts credited to the Shareholders’ Capital Accounts. As used in this Section 7.9, the term “Positive Basis” means, with respect to any Shareholder and as of any time of calculation, the amount by which the total of the Shareholders’ Capital Accounts as of that time exceeds the Shareholder’s “adjusted tax basis,” for U.S. Federal income tax purposes, in the Shareholder’s Shares in the Trust as of that time (determined without regard to any adjustments made to the “adjusted tax basis” by reason of any Transfer or assignment of the Shares, including by reason of death). As used in this Section 7.9, the term “Positive Basis Shareholder” means any Shareholder who or that withdraws from the Trust and who or that has a Positive Basis as of the effective date of the Shareholder’s withdrawal. As used in this Section 7.9, the term “Negative Basis” means, with respect to any Shareholder and as of any time of calculation, the amount by which the Shareholder’s “adjusted tax basis,” for U.S. federal income tax purposes, in the Shareholder’s Shares in the Trust as of that time (determined without regard to any adjustments made to the “adjusted tax basis” by reason of any Transfer or assignment of the Shares, including by reason of death, and without regard to such Shareholder’s share of the liabilities of the Trust under section 752 of the Code) exceeds the Shareholder’s Capital Account as of such time. As used in this Section 7.9, the term “Negative Basis Shareholder” means any Shareholder who or that withdraws from the Trust and who or that has a Negative Basis as of the effective date of the Shareholder’s withdrawal.

(a) The Trust may make distributions in cash or in kind at any time to all of the Shareholders on a proportionate basis in accordance with the Shareholders’ Investment Percentages.

(b) The Trust may withhold taxes from any distribution to any Shareholder to the extent required by the Code or any other applicable law. For purposes of this Declaration, any taxes so withheld by the Trust with respect to any amount distributed by the Trust to any Shareholder will be deemed to be a distribution or payment to the Shareholder, reducing the amount otherwise distributable to the Shareholder under this Declaration and reducing the Capital Account of the Shareholder. Neither the Trust nor the Trustees will be obligated to apply for or obtain a reduction of or exemption from withholding tax on behalf of any Shareholder that may be eligible for reduction or exemption. To the extent that a Shareholder claims to be entitled to a reduced rate of, or exemption from, a withholding tax pursuant to an applicable income tax treaty, or otherwise, the Shareholder will furnish the Trust with any information and forms that the Shareholder may be required to complete if necessary to comply with any and all laws and regulations governing the obligations of withholding tax agents. Each Shareholder represents and warrants that any information and forms furnished by the Shareholder will be true and accurate and agrees to indemnify the Trust and each of the Shareholders from any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities, costs and expenses resulting from the filing of inaccurate or incomplete information or forms relating to the withholding taxes (including legal or other expenses incurred in investigating or defending against any such losses, claims, damages, liabilities, costs and expenses).

(c) Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary contained in this Declaration, the Trust will not repurchase any Shares or make a distribution to any Shareholder on account of the Shareholder’s Shares, if such repurchase or distribution would violate the Delaware Act or other applicable law.

8.1. Appointment and Duties . The Trustees shall at all times employ a custodian or custodians, meeting the qualifications for custodians for portfolio securities of investment companies contained in the 1940 Act, as custodian with respect to the assets of the Trust. Any custodian shall have authority as agent of the Trust as determined by the custodian agreement or agreements, but subject to such restrictions, limitations and other requirements, if any, as may be contained in the By-Laws of the Trust and the 1940 Act, including without limitation authority:

(1) to hold the securities owned by the Trust and deliver the same upon written order;

(2) to receive any receipt for any moneys due to the Trust and deposit the same in its own banking department (if a bank) or elsewhere as the Trustees may direct;

(3) to disburse such funds upon orders or vouchers;

(4) if authorized by the Trustees, to keep the books and accounts of the Trust and furnish clerical and accounting services; and

(5) if authorized to do so by the Trustees, to compute the net income or net asset value of the Trust;

all upon such basis of compensation as may be agreed upon between the Trustees and the custodian.

The Trustees may also authorize each custodian to employ one or more sub-custodians from time to time to perform such of the acts and services of the custodian and upon such terms and conditions, as may be agreed upon between the custodian and such sub-custodian and approved by the Trustees, provided that in every case such sub-custodian shall meet the qualifications for custodians contained in the 1940 Act.

8.2. Central Certificate System . Subject to such rules, regulations and orders as the Commission may adopt, the Trustees may direct the custodian to deposit all or any part of the securities owned by the Trust in a system for the central handling of securities established by a national securities exchange or a national securities association registered with the Commission under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or such other Person as may be permitted by the Commission, or otherwise in accordance with the 1940 Act, pursuant to which system all securities of any particular class of any issuer deposited within the system are treated as fungible and may be transferred or pledged by bookkeeping entry without physical delivery of such securities, provided that all such deposits shall be subject to withdrawal only upon the order of the Trust.

TRANSFERS AND REPURCHASES; STATUS OF SPECIAL SHAREHOLDER